Groundwater modeling is a scientific technique used to simulate and predict the behavior of groundwater flow and quality in subsurface systems. This research area involves developing mathematical models that represent the complex interactions between groundwater, surface water, and geological formations. These models help researchers and water resource managers understand how water moves through the subsurface, how contaminants may spread, and how water levels may be affected by human activities or climate change. Groundwater modeling plays a vital role in water resources management, environmental protection, and land use planning.